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Alaqeel, A

D., Chu, F

A small number of human studies from the 1980s and 1990s reported improvements in sleep architecture and reduced insomnia symptoms, but these trials had very small sample sizes (often under 20 subjects), lacked rigorous controls, and have not been replicated with modern methodology

GHK-Cu stimulates collagen synthesis, promotes extracellular matrix remodeling, and reduces oxidative stress, as documented in the preclinical literature

A recent study from Iran reported higher IL-17 mRNA expression in PBMC of 24 untreated AIH as compared to healthy controls, but no pathological controls with inflammatory liver disease were included, questioning the relevance of the results for AIH [77]

PLA2 enzymes are structurally diverse in mammalian cells and are responsive to different conditions