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Activation of this pathway increases the cells ability to neutralize ROS before they can damage proteins, lipids, or DNA

Nature Reviews Disease Primers Boachie J, Adaikalakoteswari A, Samavat J, Saravanan P

Research demonstrates GHK-Cu modulates over 4,000 human genes, stimulates collagen I, III, and elastin synthesis, activates matrix metalloproteinases for extracellular matrix remodelling, promotes wound contraction and angiogenesis, and suppresses pro-inflammatory TNF- signalling

B.ParfaitR.et al (1977)

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 99(1), 45-53.

Nevertheless, pathways implicated in preclinical studies, including angiogenesis, inflammatory modulation, and collagen remodeling, intersect with biologic systems central to incision healing and complication avoidance, although these mechanistic signals have not been shown to translate into improved clinical outcomes