10.1007/s12325-021-01789-5 76
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1.2 Biochemical mechanisms of TMA production Most of the TMA is synthesized in the intestine (colon) by the action of some anaerobic commensal gut bacteria containing choline- (or carnitine-) TMA lyase, an enzyme consisting of two units: a catalytic unit (CutC) and its activating enzyme (CutD) ( etc .), betaine, and L-carnitine and its metabolite -butyrobetaine (GBB), releasing TMA after the cleavage of the carbon (C)nitrogen (N) bond of choline/carnitine (Zhu et al., 2014)
We all have different goals and can use L-carnitine for different reasons
Author contributions HH planned the study, extracted the data and entered the data into a spreadsheet, assessed the quality of the included trials, carried out the statistical analysis, and wrote the draft manuscript
The fundamental reason for this widespread ineffectiveness is poor **bioavailability**defined as the degree and rate at which an ingested nutrient is absorbed into the systemic circulation and becomes available at the site of biological action (i.e., the brain)