evaluate each patient individually before treatment
Functions as a secondary messenger in insulin signaling pathways, helping cells respond more effectively to insulin
Tan TT, Degenhardt K, Nelson DA, Beaudoin B, Nieves-Neira W, Bouillet P et al
Telomeres are essential for protecting and maintaining the integrity of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Access this article Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations AA: Alopecia areata AAI: Alopecia areata incognita AA-IGA: AA investigator global assessment AD: Atopic dermatitis ADTA: Acute diffuse and total alopecia AT: Alopecia totalis AU: Alopecia universalis -MSH: -Melanocyte-stimulating hormone cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate CI: Contact immunotherapy CNV: Copy number variant CTLA4: Cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated antigen 4 CXCL: Chemokine ligand DPCP: Diphenylcyclopropenone ERK: Extracellular signalregulated kinase GWAS: Genome-wide association studies HF: Hair follicle HLA: Human leukocyte antigen IC: Intralesional corticosteroids IFN: Interferon IL: Interleukin IP: Immune privileged JAK: Janus kinase JAKi: JAK inhibitors MHC: Major histocompatibility complex MICA: MHC class Irelated chain A NK: Natural killer PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell PCT: Pulse corticosteroid therapy PDE: Phosphodiesterase PRP: Platelet-rich plasma RCT: Randomized controlled trial ROS: Reactive oxygen species SADBE: Squaric acid dibutyl ester SALT: Severity of alopecia tool SOD: Superoxide dismutase STATs: Signal transducers and activators of transcription TA: Triamcinolone acetonide TC: Topical corticosteroids TGF: Transforming growth factor TNF: Tumor necrosis factor Tregs: T-regulatory cells TYK2: Tyrosine kinase 2 ULBP: UL16-binding protein VIP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide References Pratt CH, King LE, Messenger AG, Christiano AM, Sundberg JP (2017) Alopecia areata
(A, B) Western blot detected activation of ferroptosis signaling in the colon tissue, as indicated by FTH1, COX-2, and GPX4 normalized to -actin
