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But half-life and duration of effect are different things

R 3 is H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 2 -C 7 heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 10 aryl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 9 heteroaryl, OR 6 , NR 5 R 6 , C(O)R 7 , -0O 2 R 6 , C(O)NR 5 R 6 , N(R 5 )C(O)R 7 , N(R 5 )CO 2 R 7 , NHS(O) 2 R 7 , S(O) 2 NR 5 R 6 , or R 2 and R 3 together form an optionally substituted C 2 -C 7 heterocycloalkyl ring

The divergent structures of the BBB in rodents and humans complicate the extrapolation of preclinical data to humans (Hoshi et al., 2013)

Preclinical studies demonstrate biologic activity relevant to tissue repair, supporting biologic plausibility but not clinical effectiveness

Mitochondrial damage and activation of the STING pathway lead to renal inflammation and fibrosis

Clinical-grade, publication-ready datasets