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It offers anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties

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As a cofactor for the mitochondrial enzymes including pyruvate dehydrogenase and alphaketoglutarate dehydrogenase, lipoic acid can exert antioxidant effects by directly eliminating ROS, chelating with metal ions, and enhancing endogenous antioxidant capacity [186, 187]

doi:10.1139/w06-043

Vegans, vegetarians, older adults, and people with digestive conditions such as Crohns disease or coeliac disease are at higher risk, according to the NHS

Glutathione can exist in 2 states: Reduced GSH and oxidized GSSG, oxidized is actually reduced glutathiones bound at sulfur atoms, the ratio of GSH to GSSG determines cell redox status of cells