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In summary, emerging evidence points to extensive contributions of NAD + consumption pathways, and their subcellular compartmentalization in the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity

To protect the cell from a shift in the redox equilibrium, GSSG can be actively exported out of the cell or react with a protein sulfhydryl group leading to the formation of a mixed disulfide

Specific redox-active endosomes associated with NOXs are activated in response to extracellular stimuli such as nutrients, growth factors, and cytokines, and aid compartmentalization of H 2 O 2 for localizing redox-mediated regulation (microdomains) or cell signaling from cell surface receptors [17]

Michel CM, Murray MM, Lantz G, Gonzalez S, Spinelli L, Grave de Peralta R (2004)

Bibliografia Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA (2003)

Blood 117 , 66006607 (2011)