l carnitine tmao conversion Dietary allicin reduces transformation of L-carnitine to through impact on gut microbiota γ–Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate

Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC The gutbrain axis and trimethylamine N oxide: an emergent biomarker in neurological diseases ScienceDirect Frontiers Gut Metabolite Trimethylamine N Oxide in Atherosclerosis: From Mechanism to Therapy Characterization of TMAO productivity from carnitine challenge facilitates personalized nutrition and microbiome signatures discovery Microbiome Springer Nature Link Gut microbe derived metabolite trimethylamine N oxide activates PERK to drive fibrogenic mesenchymal differentiation ScienceDirect Trimethylamine N Oxide (TMAO) as a Rising Star Metabolite: Implications for Human Health

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