glutathione skin whitening efficacy study PDF) for lightening: a regnant myth or evidence-based verity? Glutathione as a skin whitening

Its a small molecule

After absorption, the substance undergoes conjugation by liver enzymes such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and sulphotransferases (SULTs), forming inactive metabolites that further reduce its plasma concentration and limit its distribution to target tissues [53]

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Infantino V, Convertini P, Cucci L, Panaro Maria A, Di Noia Maria A, Calvello R, et al

Both intradermal and intranodal injections triggered immune responses, though intranodal delivery offered no clear advantage

Additionally, fluctuations in cortisol levels may influence signal transduction processes of membrane-bound receptors due to the hormones ability to modify cell membrane fluidity