glutathione peroxidase cat Expression of catalase (CAT) and (GPX4) and Coordinated activity of the antioxidant

Presl), rich in terpenoids and glycosides, improves insulin sensitivity, regulates menstrual cycles, and modulates glucose metabolism ( Berberis aristata Lindl.) provides berberine, which lowers leptin levels, improves insulin resistance, reduces oxidative stress, and supports lipid metabolism ( Vitex agnus-castus L.) contains agnuside and flavonoids that restore menstrual regularity and enhance fertility outcomes by modulating prolactin and estrogen balance ( Curcuma longa L.), which contains curcumin, luteolin, and apigenin, lowers androgen levels, increases estrogen, and provides strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects ( Urtica dioica L.) supplies flavonoids, polyphenols, and sterols that reduce hirsutism, regulate inflammatory markers, and exert antioxidant activity ( Mentha sp icata L.), fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), parsley ( Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym.), green tea ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze), ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe), licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), black seed ( Nigella sativa L.), pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.), and raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) have also been documented to exert diverse benefits including anti-androgenic effects, improved ovarian function, enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced ovarian volume, lipid metabolism regulation, and restoration of endocrine balance ( Table 2 Herbs/botanicals, natural bio-actives, and their pharmacodynamic action in PCOS management

doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01927-8 39 JohnstonJBPaulJTNeufeldNJHaneyNKroppDMHuXet al

On a budget here

Notice that CBS fluxes do not differ much between males and females, so this is not the reason that GSH differs so dramatically in males and females

L.LaskinJ

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 201.Sugita S., Shimizu N., Watanabe K., Mizukami M., Morio T., Sugamoto Y., Mochizuki M