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Regarding the mechanism of PBMs action on chondrocytes, studies confirm that PBM upregulates the gene and protein expression of type II collagen and aggregated proteoglycans, significantly promoting chondrocyte proliferation and activity ( in vitro experiments reveal that PBM, through close-range efficient irradiation, simultaneously activates the Sox9-centred ECM synthesis pathway while suppressing the inflammation-catabolism pathway mediated by NF-B and others

This real-world application is a major reason for its popularity

doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.04.004 85 Rabe-JaboskaJPoprawskaI

Berthon JY, Nachat-Kappes R, Bey M, Cadoret JP, Renimel I, & Filaire E

Additionally, developing novel efficacy endpoints beyond conventional CAP, such as evaluating the specific modulation of hepatic triglyceride compositionparticularly the proportion of lipotoxic saturated fatty acidsmay more directly elucidate the mechanisms underlying its hepatoprotective effects

The study group received the BPC-157 peptide for seven days after the procedure