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The questionnaire included 10 items: irritability, tremors, anxiety, palpitations, mood lability, insomnia, impaired concentration, exertion dyspnea, excessive sweating, and heat intolerance

In terms of treatment, MGBA-targeted interventionsincluding probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantationhave shown promise in improving the gut environment, modulating immune-inflammatory responses, and alleviating behavioral symptoms in ASD

The gut metabolite indole-3 propionate promotes nerve regeneration and repair

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The Mediterranean diet and low FODMAP diet may also serve as the models for dietary recommendations