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Farber S, Diamond LK (1948) Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroyl-glutamic acid
In the lungs, after entering in type II alveolar cells, SARS-CoV-2 infected cells become defective for surfactant production (Ghati et al., 2021) and release cytokines, like IL-8 among others, which in turn activate alveolar macrophages to release IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-, that induce natural killer and dendritic cell differentiation and macrophage M1 polarization, enhancing the proinflammatory response with increased vasodilation causing neutrophil and activated T cell influx from the capillaries into the alveolus, all leading to the cytokine storm (Carcaterra and Caruso, 2021
When free radicals overwhelm antioxidant defense systems, cellular and molecular abnormalities occur
Injectables by different mode of administration
J Ethnopharmacol 238:111867 Khurshid Z, Naseem M, Zafar MS, Najeeb S, Zohaib S (2017) Propolis: a natural biomaterial for dental and oral healthcare