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It targets protein misfolding and aggregation

In rats with IPAH, chromosomal abnormalities on chromosome 1 result in reduced expression of electron transport chain complexes I, III, SOD2, and COX4 in the mitochondria of PASMCs, lowers overall ROS production, promoting the nuclear translocation of HIF-1, which subsequently decreases Kv1.5 expression

Learn age-appropriate dosing, side effect management, and muscle preservation strategies for adults over 65

References Strobl JS, Thomas MJ

Either the cis or trans diacid can be used to make it: the trans form isomerizes under the reaction conditions

The BCL-2 identified as a hub gene in this study is an anti-apoptotic protein that helps maintain mitochondrial integrity by preventing the release of pro-apoptotic factors 82,83